Children in poverty make up thirty-nine percent of the population, and most of these children do not receive a good education because their parents cannot afford to send them to schools.
It is well known that children growing up in poorer families emerge from school with substantially lower levels of educational attainment. Such 'achievement gaps' are a major contributing factor to patterns of social mobility.
One of the best ways to avoid being poor as an adult is to obtain a good education. People who have higher levels of academic achievement and more years of schooling earn more than those with lower levels of human capital. This is not surprising, since economists believe that schooling makes people more productive and that wages are related to productivity.
While Indonesia is not officially among the countries suffering from a food crisis, it is not entirely free from the issue. In a survey led by the International Food Policy Research Institute last year, Indonesia is in fact still seeing a considerable level of hunger.
According to the Global Hunger Index (GHI) in 2016, more than 19 million people in the archipelago are malnourished. Further, at least two children out of 100 die before the age of five.
While the level of hunger in Indonesia is not yet as threatening as the food crisis that the other four countries are experiencing, Shinta W. Kamdani from the Chamber of Commerce and Industry claimed that it has drawn international attention.
Kamdani said that Indonesia currently sits between Laos and Myanmar in the GHI survey and it must immediately find solutions to reduce the level of hunger among its people.
Within the local context, it is not necessarily war or violence that contribute to the people’s hunger. It is more of the need to respond to the nation’s rapidly increasing population, which currently sits at 1.49 percent annual growth.